Life in the UK · Chapter 1 · 3 min read

Chapter 1: The values and principles of the UK

The fundamental principles of British life, the responsibilities and freedoms of everyone who lives here, and what becoming a permanent resident or citizen involves. Study notes for the Life in the UK test.

Why this chapter matters

The first chapter of the handbook is short, but it sets out the ideas the rest of the book builds on. Expect two or three questions from it in a typical test, usually on the principles of British life or on the responsibilities and freedoms listed below.

The fundamental principles

British society rests on a set of shared values. The handbook names five fundamental principles:

• Democracy: people choose who governs them, and governments can be voted out.
• The rule of law: everyone, including those in power, must obey the law.
• Individual liberty: people are free to live their lives as they choose, within the law.
• Tolerance: people with different faiths, beliefs and backgrounds are treated with respect.
• Participation in community life: people are encouraged to take part in their local community.

These principles come from history, from the law and from long-standing traditions. They apply to everyone, whatever their background.

Responsibilities

If you want to live in the UK permanently or become a citizen, you are expected to:

• respect and obey the law;
• respect the rights of others, including their right to their own opinions;
• treat others with fairness;
• look after yourself and your family;
• look after the area you live in and the environment.

Freedoms

In return, the UK offers everyone who lives here:

• freedom of belief and religion;
• freedom of speech;
• freedom from unfair discrimination;
• the right to a fair trial;
• the right to join in the election of a government.

Exam tip: questions often mix the two lists. Check whether an answer is something you must do, which is a responsibility, or something you are entitled to, which is a freedom.

Becoming a permanent resident or citizen

To settle permanently or become a British citizen, most applicants must:

• show they can speak and read English to the required level; and
• pass the Life in the UK test, which shows a good understanding of life in the UK.

Some people are exempt, for example because of age or a long-term condition.

New citizens aged 18 or over attend a citizenship ceremony. There they make an oath of allegiance, or an affirmation if they prefer not to swear by God, and a pledge to respect the rights and freedoms of the UK, uphold its democratic values, observe its laws and fulfil their duties as citizens.

Check yourself

1. Name the five fundamental principles of British life.
2. Is "freedom of speech" a responsibility or a freedom?
3. What two things do most applicants need for settlement or citizenship?
4. What is the difference between an oath and an affirmation at a citizenship ceremony?

Ready to try a full test? Start Life in the UK practice test 1.